Introduction
Electric charges in the field of electricity and of magnetism, display the fundamental property of particles of matter. Both positive and negative charges exist together within a circuit and therefore display their different characters.
For example, when the accumulation of one kind of charge exceeds then it results in positing the character of repealing, or when both the charges present in exceeding amount then they show the charges are attracted to each other. Electrons are known to be the negative charges and protons are known as positive charges.
Electric Charge and its Properties
Electric charge can be referred to as the physical property for any matter that intends to get an exertion of force or pressure when these matters are placed within a field of magnetism. Electromagnetism is a phenomenon that shows the interaction that occurs within the fields of electricity and of magnetic fields (Anastopoulos & Hu, 2020).
However, a charge can be measured with the help of natural units that can be referred to as equivalent to the proton or electron charges and are considered to be the fundamental physical constant.
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Conductors and Insulators
Conductors are defined as the substances that support in conducting of electricity through them; on the other hand, insulators are substances that do allow the passing of electricity through them. In conducting materials, electrons flow freely from one end to another and the distribution of charge is noticed all over the body and including, for example, water, bodies of humans and metals (Doskoch & Man’ko, 2019).
On the other hand, the movement of electrons is less or negligible and seems to remain at a fixed place and its examples include glass, plastic and wood.
Coulomb’s Law
Coulomb’s Law defines the notion of force that is noticed between any two specified point charges. However, it states that the force that is exerted between these two specified charges is inversely proportional (Old.amu.ac, 2022).
The force is said to be directly proportional to the magnitudes associated with these charges and this force acts on the line joining both the points.
Definition of the Superposition Principle
Principle of Superposition is defined as the net current that is observed within a part of the linear circuits. This net current is said to be equal to the sum of currents expressed in an algebraic form that is separately generated by each of the sources.
It can be expressed as,
Fnet=F12+F13=(1/4∗πε0)/[(q1∗q2)/r122∗r12+(q1∗q2)/r132∗r13]Fnet=F12+F13=(1/4∗πε0)/[(q1∗q2)/r122∗r12+(q1∗q2)/r132∗r13]respectively
What is known as the Continuous Charge Distribution?
The term continuous charge distribution is defined as the charges that are bound in closed vicinity and with a relatively negligible presence of space between the charges. The notion of charge density is applicable for displaying how charges can get accumulated within a specified point. However, there are three types noticed for the continuous distribution of charges.
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Linear Charge Distribution
In the distribution of linear charges, the charges seem to get evenly distributed along all through the length of the object. For example, it can be a straight wire and the charges that are distributed are represented by the symbol, λλ and are measured with the unit of coulombs per meter.
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Surface charge distribution
In the surface charge distribution, is said to be, when the charges are uniformly distributed over a specified area, for example, such as that of a circular disk. This is represented by the symbol, σ and is measured by coulombs per square meter.
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Volume Charge Distribution
Volume charge distribution is stated when electric charges are evenly distributed over a particular volume, for example, the distribution of charges that are seen in spheres or in cylinder structures. However, this is measured with the help of coulombs per cubic meter and is denoted by ρρ respectively.
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