Loops

At times, certain instructions require repeated execution. Loops are an ideal way to do the same. A loop represents a set of instructions that must be repeated. In a loop’s context, a repetition is termed as an iteration.

The following figure illustrates the classification of loops −

Let’s start the discussion with Definite Loops. A loop whose number of iterations are definite/fixed is termed as a definite loop.

Sr.No	Loop & Description
1	for loopThe for loop is an implementation of a definite loop. The for loop executes the code block for a specified number of times. It can be used to iterate over a fixed set of values, such as an array
2	for…in LoopThe for…in loop is used to loop through an object’s properties.

Moving on, let’s now discuss the indefinite loops. An indefinite loop is used when the number of iterations in a loop is indeterminate or unknown. Indefinite loops can be implemented using −

Sr.No	Loop & Description
1	while LoopThe while loop executes the instructions each time the condition specified evaluates to true. In other words, the loop evaluates the condition before the block of code is executed.
2	do…while LoopThe do…while loop is similar to the while loop except that the do…while loop doesn’t evaluate the condition for the first time the loop executes.

Let us now move on and discuss the Loop Control Statements of Dart.

Sr.No	Control Statement & Description
1	break StatementThe break statement is used to take the control out of a construct. Using break in a loop causes the program to exit the loop. Following is an example of the break statement.
2	continue StatementThe continue statement skips the subsequent statements in the current iteration and takes the control back to the beginning of the loop.

Using Labels to Control the Flow

A label is simply an identifier followed by a colon (:) that is applied to a statement or a block of code. A label can be used with break and continue to control the flow more precisely.

Line breaks are not allowed between the ‘continue’ or ‘break’ statement and its label name. Also, there should not be any other statement in between a label name and an associated loop.

Example: Label with Break

Live Demo

void main() { 
   outerloop: // This is the label name 
   
   for (var i = 0; i < 5; i++) { 
      print("Innerloop: ${i}"); 
      innerloop: 
      
      for (var j = 0; j < 5; j++) { 
         if (j > 3 ) break ; 
         
         // Quit the innermost loop 
         if (i == 2) break innerloop; 
         
         // Do the same thing 
         if (i == 4) break outerloop; 
         
         // Quit the outer loop 
         print("Innerloop: ${j}"); 
      } 
   } 
}

The following output is displayed on successful execution of the above code.

Innerloop: 0
Innerloop: 0
Innerloop: 1
Innerloop: 2
Innerloop: 3
Innerloop: 1
Innerloop: 0
Innerloop: 1
Innerloop: 2
Innerloop: 3
Innerloop: 2
Innerloop: 3
Innerloop: 0
Innerloop: 1
Innerloop: 2
Innerloop: 3
Innerloop: 4

Example: Label with continue

Live Demo

void main() { 
   outerloop: // This is the label name 
   
   for (var i = 0; i < 3; i++) { 
      print("Outerloop:${i}"); 
      
      for (var j = 0; j < 5; j++) { 
         if (j == 3){ 
            continue outerloop; 
         } 
         print("Innerloop:${j}"); 
      } 
   } 
}

The following output is displayed on successful execution of the above code.

Outerloop: 0 
Innerloop: 0 
Innerloop: 1 
Innerloop: 2 

Outerloop: 1 
Innerloop: 0 
Innerloop: 1 
Innerloop: 2 

Outerloop: 2 
Innerloop: 0 
Innerloop: 1 
Innerloop: 2