- Standard Model: The mid-to-late 20th century saw the development of the Standard Model of particle physics, describing fundamental particles and their interactions.
- Cosmology: Advancements in observational technology have led to significant discoveries in cosmology, including the expansion of the universe and the cosmic microwave background radiation.
- String Theory and Beyond: In the late 20th and early 21st centuries, theories like string theory emerged, seeking to unify general relativity and quantum mechanics, although they remain unproven.
- Current Research: Today, physicists explore topics such as dark matter, dark energy, and quantum computing, pushing the boundaries of our understanding of the universe.
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