Oracle HAVING Clause

In Oracle, HAVING Clause is used with GROUP BY Clause to restrict the groups of returned rows where condition is TRUE.

Syntax:

 SELECT expression1, expression2, ... expression_n,   

 aggregate_function (aggregate_expression)  

FROM tables  

WHERE conditions  

GROUP BY expression1, expression2, ... expression_n  

HAVING having_condition; 

Parameters:

expression1, expression2, … expression_n: It specifies the expressions that are not encapsulated within aggregate function. These expressions must be included in GROUP BY clause.

aggregate_function: It specifies the aggregate functions i.e. SUM, COUNT, MIN, MAX or AVG functions.

aggregate_expression: It specifies the column or expression on that the aggregate function is based on.

tables: It specifies the table from where you want to retrieve records.

conditions: It specifies the conditions that must be fulfilled for the record to be selected.

having_conditions: It specifies the conditions that are applied only to the aggregated results to restrict the groups of returned rows.

Oracle HAVING Example: (with GROUP BY SUM function)

Let’s take a table “salesdepartment”

Salesdepartment table:

CREATE TABLE  "SALESDEPARTMENT"   

   (    "ITEM" VARCHAR2(4000),   

    "SALE" NUMBER,   

    "BILLING_ADDRESS" VARCHAR2(4000)  

   )  

/

Execute this query:

 SELECT item, SUM(sale) AS "Total sales"  

FROM salesdepartment  

GROUP BY item  

HAVING SUM(sale) < 1000; 

Output:

Oracle HAVING Example: (with GROUP BY COUNT function)

Let’s take a table “customers”

Customer table:

CREATE TABLE  "CUSTOMERS"   

   (    "NAME" VARCHAR2(4000),   

    "AGE" NUMBER,   

    "SALARY" NUMBER,   

    "STATE" VARCHAR2(4000)  

   )  

/

Execute this query:

SELECT state, COUNT(*) AS "Number of customers"  

FROM customers  

WHERE salary > 10000  

GROUP BY state  

HAVING COUNT(*) >= 2;

Output:

Oracle HAVING Example: (with GROUP BY MIN function)

Let’s take a table “employees”

Employees table:

CREATE TABLE  "EMPLOYEES"   

   (    "EMP_ID" NUMBER,   

    "NAME" VARCHAR2(4000),   

    "AGE" NUMBER,   

    "DEPARTMENT" VARCHAR2(4000),   

    "SALARY" NUMBER  

   )  

/

Execute this query:

SELECT department,   

MIN(salary) AS "Lowest salary"  

FROM employees  

GROUP BY department  

HAVING MIN(salary) < 15000;

Output

Oracle HAVING Example: (with GROUP BY MAX function)

Execute this query:

SELECT department,  

MAX(salary) AS "Highest salary"  

FROM employees  

GROUP BY department  

HAVING MAX(salary) > 30000;

Output: