My Blog

Author: admin

  • C++ References

    —

    by

    admin
    in

    A reference variable is an alias, that is, another name for an already existing variable. Once a reference is initialized with a variable, either the variable name or the reference name may be used to refer to the variable. References vs Pointers References are often confused with pointers but three major differences between references and…

  • C++ Pointers

    —

    by

    admin
    in

    C++ pointers are easy and fun to learn. Some C++ tasks are performed more easily with pointers, and other C++ tasks, such as dynamic memory allocation, cannot be performed without them. As you know every variable is a memory location and every memory location has its address defined which can be accessed using ampersand (&)…

  • C++ Strings

    —

    by

    admin
    in

    C++ provides following two types of string representations − The C-Style Character String The C-style character string originated within the C language and continues to be supported within C++. This string is actually a one-dimensional array of characters which is terminated by a null character ‘\0’. Thus a null-terminated string contains the characters that comprise the string…

  • Internal Sort

    —

    by

    admin
    in

    Sorting of data in a file or merging of two or more files is a common necessity in almost all business-oriented applications. Sorting is used for arranging records either in ascending or descending order, so that sequential processing can be performed. There are two techniques which are used for sorting files in COBOL − Sort…

  • Node.js Global Objects

    —

    by

    admin
    in

    Node.js global objects are global in nature and available in all modules. You don’t need to include these objects in your application; rather they can be used directly. These objects are modules, functions, strings and object etc. Some of these objects aren’t actually in the global scope but in the module scope. A list of…

  • C++ Arrays

    —

    by

    admin
    in

    C++ provides a data structure, the array, which stores a fixed-size sequential collection of elements of the same type. An array is used to store a collection of data, but it is often more useful to think of an array as a collection of variables of the same type. Instead of declaring individual variables, such as…

  • Subroutines

    —

    by

    admin
    in

    Cobol subroutine is a program that can be compiled independently but cannot be executed independently. There are two types of subroutines: internal subroutines like Perform statements and external subroutines like CALL verb. Call Verb Call verb is used to transfer the control from one program to another program. The program that contains the CALL verb is the Calling Program and the program being…

  • File Access Mode

    —

    by

    admin
    in

    Till now, file organization schemes have been discussed. For each file organization scheme, different access modes can be used. Following are the types of file access modes − The syntaxes in this module, mentioned along with their respective terms, only refer to their usage in the program. The complete programs using these syntaxes would be…

  • File Organization

    —

    by

    admin
    in

    File organization indicates how the records are organized in a file. There are different types of organizations for files so as to increase their efficiency of accessing the records. Following are the types of file organization schemes − The syntaxes in this module, mentioned along with their respective terms, only refer to their usage in…

  • Numbers in C++

    —

    by

    admin
    in

    Normally, when we work with Numbers, we use primitive data types such as int, short, long, float and double, etc. The number data types, their possible values and number ranges have been explained while discussing C++ Data Types. Defining Numbers in C++ You have already defined numbers in various examples given in previous chapters. Here…