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  • Packages

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    In general term of programming languages, a package is designed for providing a way to keep one set of names separate from another. The symbols declared in one package will not conflict with the same symbols declared in another. This way packages reduce the naming conflicts between independent code modules. The LISP reader maintains a…

  • Structures

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    Structures are one of the user-defined data type, which allows you to combine data items of different kinds. Structures are used to represent a record. Suppose you want to keep track of your books in a library. You might want to track the following attributes about each book − Defining a Structure The defstruct macro in LISP…

  • File I/O

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    We have discussed about how standard input and output is handled by common LISP. All these functions work for reading from and writing into text and binary files too. Only difference is in this case the stream we use is not standard input or output, but a stream created for the specific purpose of writing…

  • Node.js Callbacks

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    Callback is an asynchronous equivalent for a function. It is called at the completion of each task. In Node.js, callbacks are generally used. All APIs of Node are written in a way to supports callbacks. For example: when a function start reading file, it returns the control to execution environment immediately so that the next…

  • Node.js V8

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    What is V8 V8 is an open source JavaScript engine developed by the Chromium project for the Google Chrome web browser. It is written in C++. Now a days, it is used in many projects such as Couchbase, MongoDB and Node.js. V8 in Node.js The Node.js V8 module represents interfaces and event specific to the…

  • Node.js Assertion Testing

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    The Node.js Assert is the most elementary way to write tests. It provides no feedback when running your test unless one fails. The assert module provides a simple set of assertion tests that can be used to test invariants. The module is intended for internal use by Node.js, but can be used in application code…

  • Node.js ZLIB

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    The Node.js Zlib module is used to provide compression and decompression (zip and unzip) functionalities. It is implemented using Gzip and deflate/inflate. The zlib module can be accessed using: Compressing and decompressing a file can be done by piping the source stream data into a destination stream through zlib stream. Node.js ZLIB Example: Compress File…

  • Node.js Query String

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    The Node.js Query String provides methods to deal with query string. It can be used to convert query string into JSON object and vice-versa. To use query string module, you need to use require(‘querystring’). Node.js Query String Methods The Node.js Query String utility has four methods. The two important methods are given below. Method Description querystring.parse(str[,…

  • Input & Output

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    Common LISP provides numerous input-output functions. We have already used the format function, and print function for output. In this section, we will look into some of the most commonly used input-output functions provided in LISP. Input Functions The following table provides the most commonly used input functions of LISP − Sr.No. Function & Description…

  • Hash Table

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    The hash table data structure represents a collection of key-and-value pairs that are organized based on the hash code of the key. It uses the key to access the elements in the collection. A hash table is used when you need to access elements by using a key, and you can identify a useful key value. Each…