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  • Decision Making

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    Decision making structures require that the programmer specify one or more conditions to be evaluated or tested by the program, along with a statement or statements to be executed if the condition is determined to be true, and optionally, other statements to be executed if the condition is determined to be false. Following is the…

  • Maps

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    Go provides another important data type named map which maps unique keys to values. A key is an object that you use to retrieve a value at a later date. Given a key and a value, you can store the value in a Map object. After the value is stored, you can retrieve it by…

  • Operators

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    An operator is a symbol that tells the compiler to perform specific mathematical or logical manipulations. LISP allows numerous operations on data, supported by various functions, macros and other constructs. The operations allowed on data could be categorized as − Arithmetic Operations The following table shows all the arithmetic operators supported by LISP. Assume variable A holds…

  • Constants

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    In LISP, constants are variables that never change their values during program execution. Constants are declared using the defconstant construct. Example The following example shows declaring a global constant PI and later using this value inside a function named area-circle that calculates the area of a circle. The defun construct is used for defining a function, we will look into it…

  • Range

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    The range keyword is used in for loop to iterate over items of an array, slice, channel or map. With array and slices, it returns the index of the item as integer. With maps, it returns the key of the next key-value pair. Range either returns one value or two. If only one value is used on the left…

  • Variables

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    In LISP, each variable is represented by a symbol. The variable’s name is the name of the symbol and it is stored in the storage cell of the symbol. Global Variables Global variables have permanent values throughout the LISP system and remain in effect until a new value is specified. Global variables are generally declared using…

  • Structures

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    Go arrays allow you to define variables that can hold several data items of the same kind. Structure is another user-defined data type available in Go programming, which allows you to combine data items of different kinds. Structures are used to represent a record. Suppose you want to keep track of the books in a library. You…

  • Macros

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    Macros allow you to extend the syntax of standard LISP. Technically, a macro is a function that takes an s-expression as arguments and returns a LISP form, which is then evaluated. Defining a Macro In LISP, a named macro is defined using another macro named defmacro. Syntax for defining a macro is − The macro definition consists…

  • Data Types

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    In LISP, variables are not typed, but data objects are. LISP data types can be categorized as. Any variable can take any LISP object as its value, unless you have declared it explicitly. Although, it is not necessary to specify a data type for a LISP variable, however, it helps in certain loop expansions, in…

  • Pointers

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    Pointers in Go are easy and fun to learn. Some Go programming tasks are performed more easily with pointers, and other tasks, such as call by reference, cannot be performed without using pointers. So it becomes necessary to learn pointers to become a perfect Go programmer. As you know, every variable is a memory location…