Author: admin
-
Basic Syntax
Basic Building Blocks in LISP LISP programs are made up of three basic building blocks − An atom is a number or string of contiguous characters. It includes numbers and special characters. Following are examples of some valid atoms − A list is a sequence of atoms and/or other lists enclosed in parentheses. Following are examples of some valid…
-
Program Structure
LISP expressions are called symbolic expressions or s-expressions. The s-expressions are composed of three valid objects, atoms, lists and strings. Any s-expression is a valid program. LISP programs run either on an interpreter or as compiled code. The interpreter checks the source code in a repeated loop, which is also called the read-evaluate-print loop (REPL). It reads the…
-
Arrays
Go programming language provides a data structure called the array, which can store a fixed-size sequential collection of elements of the same type. An array is used to store a collection of data, but it is often more useful to think of an array as a collection of variables of the same type. Instead of declaring…
-
Scope Rules
A scope in any programming is a region of the program where a defined variable can exist and beyond that the variable cannot be accessed. There are three places where variables can be declared in Go programming language − Let us find out what are local and global variables and what are formal parameters. Local Variables Variables that are declared inside…
-
Environment Setup
Local Environment Setup If you are still willing to set up your environment for Lisp programming language, you need the following two softwares available on your computer, (a) Text Editor and (b) The Lisp Executer. Text Editor This will be used to type your program. Examples of few editors include Windows Notepad, OS Edit command,…
-
Overview
John McCarthy invented LISP in 1958, shortly after the development of FORTRAN. It was first implemented by Steve Russell on an IBM 704 computer. It is particularly suitable for Artificial Intelligence programs, as it processes symbolic information effectively. Common Lisp originated, during the 1980s and 1990s, in an attempt to unify the work of several…
-
Loops
There may be a situation, when you need to execute a block of code several number of times. In general, statements are executed sequentially: The first statement in a function is executed first, followed by the second, and so on. Programming languages provide various control structures that allow for more complicated execution paths. A loop…
-
Decision Making
Decision making structures require that the programmer specify one or more conditions to be evaluated or tested by the program, along with a statement or statements to be executed if the condition is determined to be true, and optionally, other statements to be executed if the condition is determined to be false. Following is the…
-
Functions
Kotlin is a statically typed language, hence, functions play a great role in it. We are pretty familiar with function, as we are using function throughout our examples in our last chapters. A function is a block of code which is written to perform a particular task. Functions are supported by all the modern programming languages and…
-
Operators
An operator is a symbol that tells the compiler to perform specific mathematical or logical manipulations. Go language is rich in built-in operators and provides the following types of operators − This tutorial explains arithmetic, relational, logical, bitwise, assignment, and other operators one by one. Arithmetic Operators Following table shows all the arithmetic operators supported…