Category: 02. Atoms

Monatomic gases are composed of single atoms, making them the simplest type of gas, with common examples including noble gases like helium, neon, argon, krypton, and xenon. These gases adhere closely to the principles of kinetic molecular theory, where their behavior is largely determined by the motion of individual atoms. They typically exhibit ideal gas…

The gas constant, denoted by RRR, is a fundamental constant used in various equations of state for gases, including the ideal gas law, which is expressed as PV=nRTPV = nRTPV=nRT. Here, PPP represents pressure, VVV is volume, nnn is the number of moles of gas, TTT is the absolute temperature in Kelvin, and RRR relates…

Changing states of matter involves the transition of substances between solid, liquid, gas, and, in some cases, plasma, primarily influenced by temperature and pressure. Melting occurs when a solid absorbs heat, causing its molecules to gain energy and transition to a liquid, while freezing is the reverse process where a liquid loses heat and solidifies.…

Gas molecules exhibit distinct behaviors governed by the principles of kinetic molecular theory, which states that they are in constant, random motion, colliding elastically with one another and the walls of their container. This motion produces pressure, as gas molecules exert force during collisions, with factors like temperature and volume influencing this dynamic. For example,…

Introduction In the field of physics, the identification of fundamental structures is quite essential for the study of nuclei. However, the structure of the nucleus would not have been known to the world if Ernest Rutherford would not conduct the experiment of gold foil in understanding the structure of atoms. This is noted that earlier,…

Introduction Van der Waals Equation is commonly known as the Van der Waals Equation for real or a mole of gases that does not follow the law of ideal games. As per the law of ideal gases that are PV = nRT, where P refers to the external or internal pressure applied to the gases,…

Introduction In a shell model, the basic structure of a particular nucleus is demonstrated. According to this model, the neutrons and protons are situated in separate and different systems of shells. Significant analogous of a shell is also an important part of a shell model. At the outside of a nucleus, electrons are found. The…

Introduction In the history of physics, the composition of matter was always a central question. The question “What is the universe made of?” is baffling scientists since ancient times. At the beginning of the 20th century, several experiments were carried out by the physicists like Thomson, Rutherford, etc. They found that an atom is made…