Category: 10. C++

C++ is a one of the foundation languages of modern programming. It has evolved out of the basic C into a very powerful tool in modern programming. The versions of C++ started with C++ 98, and are now upto C++ 20. After the update of C++ 11, all modern updates are known collectively as modern C++.…

What is CGI? Web Browsing To understand the concept of CGI, let’s see what happens when we click a hyperlink to browse a particular web page or URL. However, it is possible to set up the HTTP server in such a way that whenever a file in a certain directory is requested, that file is…

Multithreading is a specialized form of multitasking and a multitasking is the feature that allows your computer to run two or more programs concurrently. In general, there are two types of multitasking: process-based and thread-based. Process-based multitasking handles the concurrent execution of programs. Thread-based multitasking deals with the concurrent execution of pieces of the same…

Signals are the interrupts delivered to a process by the operating system which can terminate a program prematurely. You can generate interrupts by pressing Ctrl+C on a UNIX, LINUX, Mac OS X or Windows system. There are signals which can not be caught by the program but there is a following list of signals which…

The preprocessors are the directives, which give instructions to the compiler to preprocess the information before actual compilation starts. All preprocessor directives begin with #, and only white-space characters may appear before a preprocessor directive on a line. Preprocessor directives are not C++ statements, so they do not end in a semicolon (;). You already…

Templates are the foundation of generic programming, which involves writing code in a way that is independent of any particular type. A template is a blueprint or formula for creating a generic class or a function. The library containers like iterators and algorithms are examples of generic programming and have been developed using template concept.…

Consider a situation, when we have two persons with the same name, Zara, in the same class. Whenever we need to differentiate them definitely we would have to use some additional information along with their name, like either the area, if they live in different area or their mother’s or father’s name, etc. Same situation…

A good understanding of how dynamic memory really works in C++ is essential to becoming a good C++ programmer. Memory in your C++ program is divided into two parts − Many times, you are not aware in advance how much memory you will need to store particular information in a defined variable and the size…

An exception is a problem that arises during the execution of a program. A C++ exception is a response to an exceptional circumstance that arises while a program is running, such as an attempt to divide by zero. Exceptions provide a way to transfer control from one part of a program to another. C++ exception…

So far, we have been using the iostream standard library, which provides cin and cout methods for reading from standard input and writing to standard output respectively. This tutorial will teach you how to read and write from a file. This requires another standard C++ library called fstream, which defines three new data types − Sr.No Data Type & Description 1 ofstreamThis…